Mechanism of action of GLP-1 receptor agonist

GLP-1 agonists are medications that work by activating the GLP-1 receptor. Their mechanism of action includes slowing down the emptying of the stomach, inhibiting the release of glucagon, and stimulating the production of insulin. These effects help to lower high blood sugar levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Additionally, GLP-1 agonists reduce food intake and consequently help to reduce body weight, making them effective in the treatment of obesity.

Another class of anti-diabetes drugs, known as DPP-4 inhibitors, functions by decreasing the breakdown of endogenous GLP-1. However, they are generally considered to be less potent than GLP-1 agonists.

In rodents, some of the metabolic effects of GLP-1 agonists are mediated through an increase in the synthesis of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Pharmaceutical companies have developed dual GLP-1/FGF21 receptor agonists to enhance these effects.